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Each TCP device on a network has an associated ‘ceiling’ on TCP Data Size, called the MSS (Maximum Segment Size). The TCP MSS is negotiated between two communicating devices via the TCP SYN and SYN-ACK packets. After this negotiation, each TCP device must comply with the advertised MSS of the peer device, and should not [...]

This post discusses the most basic steps needed to troubleshoot a LAN-to-LAN IPSEC tunnel between Cisco Routers. A Cisco Router with the proper IOS version can make an excellent IPSEC VPN termination device, and can be used to securely connect two distant LANs over an untrusted network, such as the Internet. In our example below, we [...]